Abstract In antimalarial research there are no standard procedures to determine the toxicity of a drug candidate. Among the alternatives available, in vitro cytotoxicity assays are the most widely used to predict toxic effects of future therapeutic products. They have the advantage over the in vivo assays, in that they offer the possibility to restrain the number of experimental variables. The objective of the present study was to compare in vitro cytotoxic methods by testing various compounds currently used to treat malaria against different cell lines. Neutral red (NR) uptake and methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric in vitro assays were used to determine preliminary toxicity of commercially available antimalarial drugs against tumor and non-tumor cells lines. Toxicity through brine shrimp lethality bioassay and hemolytic activity were also evaluated. Significant differences were observed in the tests measured by NR uptake. The tumor cell lines TOV-21G and HepG2 and non-tumor WI-26VA4 cells showed relatively uniform toxicity results, with TOV-21G being the most sensitive cell tested, presenting the lowest concentration to cause death to 50% of viable cells (CC50) values. The results of this study support the use of TOV-21G, HepG2 and WI-26VA4 cells lines as the choice for cytotoxicity tests to evaluate potential bioactive compounds.

To test the validity of the polymerase chain reaction for diagnosing American visceral leishmaniasis, 88 suspected cases were studied. Diagnosis was confirmed in 47 (53.5%) and ruled out in 41 (46.5%) patients. Samples of bone marrow and peripheral blood were processed by polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the test and its agreement beyond chance with microscopy examination. The polymerase chain reaction was positive in bone marrow of 100% of the patients with amastigotes seen with microscopy examination, and in 59.5% in those where no parasite were seen. Agreement beyond chance between visualization of the parasite in bone marrow aspirates and polymerase chain reaction was considered weak (Kappa = 0.41). Concordance between polymerase chain reaction of bone marrow aspirates and of peripheral blood was considered excellent (Kappa = 0.88). The test turned out positive in all bone marrow aspirates of those with the disease and whereas the positivity rate was 58.5% among those without the disease, with specificity rate of 41.5%.

Com o objetivo de investigar características epidemiológicas e clínicas da leishmaniose visceral, em menores de 15 anos, foi realizado um estudo prospectivo em Alagoas no período de 1981 a 1995. Dos 530 casos diagnosticados clinicamente, procedentes em sua maioria da zona rural do Estado de Alagoas, 58% eram do sexo masculino e 42% do sexo feminino, sendo 55,3% abaixo dos 5 anos de idade. As manifestações clínicas mais frequentes na admissão foram: hepatoesplenomegalia, febre e palidez. A média de tamanho do fígado e baço dos pacientes com menor tempo de duração da doença (<30 dias) era menor que naqueles doentes há mais tempo (> 360 dias). Independente da duração da doença, houve redução do fígado e do baço ao término do tratamento. No entanto, o percentual de redução do baço foi maior nos pacientes que adoeceram há menos tempo. Com relação ao fígado essa diferença não foi observada.

In order to investigate epidemiological and clinical characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in children up to 15 years old, a prospective study was carried out in Alagoas, Brasil from 1981 to 1995. Of the 530 diagnosed cases, predominantly from the rural area of Alagoas State, 58% were male and 42% female, being 55.3% children under 5 years old. The most frequently observed clinical manifestations were: hepatosplenomegaly, fever and parlor. The average size of the liver and the spleen of patients with shorter time of disease (<30 days) were smaller than those presenting sickness for a extended time (> 360 days). No matter the length of disease there was reduction of the liver and the spleen after treatment. However, the reduction of the spleen was higher in those patients with less time of sickness. With relation to liver that diference was not observed.

De 1.020 estudantes submetidos a exame coproparasitológico (método de Lutz), 938 (92%) apresentaram positividade para pelo menos uma espécie de enteroparasito. Seis meses pós-tratamento, 383 (37,5%) estudantes foram reavaliados e 347 (90,6%) apresentaram exames positivos. Não houve diferença significativa nas prevalências antes e após tratamento específico, entretanto poliparasitismo foi significativamente menor na segunda análise.

From a total of 1,020 students examined, 983 (92%) showed positive results for at least one species of parasite. Six months after treatment, a sample of 383 students (37.5%) was reevaluated and 347 (90.6%) presented positive results. There was no significant change in prevalence before and after treatment, although the number of individuals that had multiple parasitism was significantly lower in the second sample.